Silver - Why So Volatile? 06/04/2011
James Turk May 31, 2011 goldmoney.com Silver is the volatile precious metal. For example, a few weeks before the collapse of Lehman Brothers in September 2008, it took 51 ounces of silver to buy one ounce of gold. At the height of the market turmoil one month later, it took 84 ounces of silver to buy that same ounce. What makes silver so volatile? The demand for silver is "elastic" -- to put it into economic terms -- while the demand for gold is "inelastic". When demand is elastic, it means that people's preferences are changeable. An inelastic demand means that the item will be acquired regardless of its cost. As an example, the rising price of petrol and diesel fuel in recent years has hardly reduced the demand for it. Fuel consumption has not dropped as its price has risen. People are generally not price-sensitive, at least at present prices, though the demand for fuel may become more elastic at higher prices. When problems of national currencies increase the demand for gold, it is in fact an increase in the demand for precious-metal-money. Silver of course meets this requirement, as it is a precious metal, and like gold, it too is money. Functionally, silver is a good substitute for gold. Both are tangible assets, and both are money that does not have counterparty risk. Thus, any increase in the demand for precious-metal-money impacts both gold and silver. However, this increase in demand has a bigger impact on silver because of its elastic demand. Demand is impossible to measure, but we can see the changes in respective demand for the precious metals by movements in the gold/silver ratio. Movements up and down in this ratio clearly show the ebb and flow of demand between gold and silver. When people move out of national currencies and into precious-metal-money, money moves into both gold and silver, and the gold/silver ratio falls. Eventually, this flow reverses if people's confidence in national currencies returns. It does so when the monetary problems that caused them to flee the currency in the first place (for example, rising inflation, bank crises, or other problems) are solved. The impact on silver is greater than the impact on gold because the demand for silver is more elastic than the demand for gold, so the ratio rises. While I am very bullish on the long-term prospects for gold, I am even more bullish on silver. Historically, the ratio of these two precious metals is about 16-to-1. Therefore, as both gold and silver climb higher in this current bull market as a safe haven from national currency problems, I expect silver to climb even faster than gold, with the result that the gold/silver ratio eventually approaches 16-to-1. Add Comment (Washington, D.C. - March 28, 2011) A report released today by the Silver Institute forecasts a healthy outlook for global silver industrial demand, the largest component of annual silver fabrication demand. The report states that industrial uses of silver should rise sharply over the next five years to 666 million troy ounces (Moz) by 2015, representing 60 percent of total fabrication demand that year -- a 36 percent increase over 2010's figure of 487 Moz. The report, The Future of Silver Industrial Demand, was produced by the leading precious metals consultancy, GFMS Ltd, on behalf of the Silver Institute. The report assesses the future prospect of total silver industrial demand over the next five years, and where sector growth opportunities are likely to emerge. The report underscores silver's unique characteristics that make it the metal of choice for a wide range of established industrial uses, particularly in electronics and thermal applications. The report also focuses on many new uses that rely on silver's antibacterial qualities, where the incorporation of silver makes the difference between an ordinary product and a unique one. Noteworthy in the report is the potential market impact of 11 recent applications that incorporate silver. These uses which range from food packaging to radio frequency identification tags to autocatalysts, taken together could exceed 40 Moz of industrial demand by 2015. Key findings from the report: The report maintains that stronger silver industrial demand in the U.S. and Asia will be a key factor in driving growth in the global total through 2015, and healthy developing country demand especially in markets such as China and India, will also be an important factor. Much of the forecast growth will come from established applications, such as silver's use in electrical contacts and in the photo-voltaic market. The technical proficiency of silver limits the ability to switch in favor of lower-cost alternatives, making the metal largely price inelastic. Emerging end-uses that benefit from silver's antibacterial properties or incorporate silver's electrical and thermal conductivity are expected to boost silver consumption through 2015. "The report demonstrates how buoyant silver industrial demand is, not only because of the lack of substitution, but also because of the wide range of established and growing new uses that make up industrial demand," stated Michael DiRienzo, Executive Director of the Silver Institute. "This report maintains that we expect to see robust gains in industrial silver demand over the next five years, further emphasizing silver's essential role in industry," DiRienzo added. Please click on the link below to download your electronic copy of The Future of Silver Industrial Demand report. http://www.silverinstitute.org/images/stories/silver/PDF/futuresilverindustrialdemand.pdf The Silver Institute is a nonprofit international industry association headquartered in Washington, D.C. Established in 1971, the Institute serves as the industry's voice in increasing public understanding of the value and many uses of silver. Friday, February 11, 2011 www.goldcore.com Gold and silver are higher against all currencies (except the Canadian dollar) in the wake of the worse than expected trade deficit number ($40.6 billion). Sterling and euro are particularly weak against gold and the US dollar today. Silver backwardation continues and while spot silver is at $30.09/oz, the March 2011 contract is at $30.07/oz and April at $30.01/oz. Incredibly, the July 2012 contract is trading at $29.93/oz and the December 2013 contract at $29.91/oz. Backwardation is when the market quotes a lower price for spot delivery or a more nearby delivery date, and a higher price for a distant delivery date in the futures market. It indicates that buyers are concerned about securing supply in the future and are willing to pay a premium for spot delivery. It suggests that silver bullion in volume is difficult to buy and that the physical market is stressed and becoming less liquid. Silver in USD -- Long Term Backwardation starts when the difference between the forward price in the futures market and the spot price for physical delivery is less than the cost of carry, or when there can be no delivery arbitrage. This is generally because the asset is not currently available for purchase or is increasingly illiquid. It can end in default, failure to make delivery, and in sharply higher prices. Backwardation rarely happens in the gold and silver bullion markets. Since gold futures first started to be traded in 1972 (on the Winnipeg Commodity Exchange), there have only been momentary backwardations of a few short hours. The extent of the backwardation in silver is unprecedented. It suggests that retail investment and industrial demand internationally is very robust and the small silver bullion market cannot cater to the level of demand for refined coin and bar product. This is not surprising considering the massive increase in demand, especially from Asia and China in recent months. In China alone, demand increased a huge four fold in just the last year to 3,500 tonnes. Investment demand for silver both as a store of value and as a hedge against inflation continues to surprise the bears. Many buyers in Asia have experienced stagflation and hyperinflation. The demand is also very strong on the industrial side where the increasing range of industrial applications is leading to very significant demand that the silver market does not appear to be able to accommodate at these prices. Solar energy demand has risen massively from a near zero base and Barclays estimates that this equates to more than 800 tonnes of silver being employed in cells in 2009, which translates to about 8% of silver industrial demand and 4% of global silver supply. Barclays estimates that silver usage in solar panels could more than double and reach 2,000 tonnes by 2012. This would consume 7% of global silver output. This is just the solar energy sector. There remains a huge range of industrial applications for silver. While demand from the photography sector has declined, demand from the medical, solar energy, water purification and many other sectors continues to rise significantly. Importantly, this silver is consumer and because tiny filaments are used, most of this silver will not come back into the silver market. A small amount may, but only at dramatically higher prices. Those with concentrated short positions in the silver market (as identified in the CFTC investigations), such as JP Morgan, will be very nervous about the extent of this demand. Any effort by them to extricate themselves from these substantial short positions may lead to the squeeze that has been anticipated for months. This means that silver’s nominal high of $50/oz will likely be seen soon rather than later. As we have been saying since 2003, the long term inflation adjusted high of $130/oz remains a viable long term price target. Dorothy Kosich Friday, May 28, 2010 www.mineweb.com RENO, NV - GFMS' short-term forecast for silver "is that through to July silver will trade between $16.40-$19.50, broadly shadowing gold," GFMS Chairman Philip Klapwijk predicted today. In a presentation of "The World Silver Survey 2010" Thursday morning to the Silver Institute in New York City, Klapwijk predicted that before the end of this year, "a more decisive break-put to the upside is probable, with a fair chance that 2008's London-high of $20.92 will be exceeded." The "World Silver Survey 2010" noted that, in spite of a strong rally in silver prices last year, "the annual average price in 2009 fell for the first time since 2001, slipping 2% to $14.67." "Despite the significance of the supply/demand fundamentals, we would still regard investment as the prime driver of silver prices last year, with the steady gains for the silver ETFs and the more volatile upward path in the net investor long on Comex both being critical," GFMS said. INVESTMENT Last year, implied net silver investment recorded its highest levels in GFMS' 20-year data set, "motivated by safe haven purposes and ‘bargain hunting' early in the year," the report noted. "ETFs and retail investment were key vehicles for silver investment in the first quarter of the year, the rally in the latter part of 2009 being more focused on the Comex." In fact, GFMS research showed commodity investments had "an outstanding year in 2009." Total silver ETF holdings rose by nearly half or 132.5 million ounces in 2009 ending the year at 397.8 million ounces. In fact, the strong demand for silver ETFs was the primary driver of the silver price in the first quarter of last year. The iShares Silver Trust saw its holdings rise by 87.5 million ounces over the year to 305.9 million ounces at year-end 2009, making it the largest silver ETF by far. CFTC data showed that aggregate positions across commodities reached new highs in the fourth quarter of last year. The report also discovered the nature of commodities investment has also changed, including a "growing interest in actively managed funds." Silver ETF holdings have shown some resilience, but still dropped 12 million ounces in the first four months of this year. Trading volumes in Comex silver futures fell by 10% last year to just over eight million contracts, the survey said. In 2009, investment in physical silver bullion was at very high levels, "as the grave prognosis for the global economy and the financial sector in particular drove investors toward hard assets," the survey noted. Nonetheless, the Indian physical silver market saw net disinvestment of around 41 million ounces last year, the first time net dishoarding has been recorded in GFMS' 20-year data series. So far this year, GFMS says, "silver investment has been notably lower year-on-year." "Looking ahead, investor interest in silver is set to remain positive, bolstered by the sovereign debt crisis," the survey said. "This may continue to trigger ‘shocks' which should attract safe haven investment. Industrial demand should also continue improving, which should further boost silver investment." DEMAND The World Silver Survey noted that tough times economically took their toll on silver industrial fabrication in 2009, which sharply dropped 20.6% to a six-year low of 352.2 million ounces. Total global silver fabrication demand dropped 11.9% in 2009 to a 17-year low of 729.8 million ounces. Klapwijk said all regions except the Indian Sub-Continent "suffered double-digit losses, with the heaviest in percentage and absolute terms being East Asia's." He noted the loss was apparent in most sectors of end use, although some continue to show growth. Nevertheless, GFMS forecasts "a strong recovery" for industrial silver demand this year, "reflecting stock replenishment and higher GDP growth." Two new uses of silver in industrial applications are gaining momentum including silver oxide batteries and silver conductive inks used in electronics. Although the quantity of silver used in medical applications remains modest due to the lead times in adopting new technology, silver nano-technology is gaining. "Indeed, there are few areas in the medical field where the use of silver cannot be beneficial," GFMS suggested. Demand for silver is rising in households as new anti-bacterial uses are being introduced. However, demand for silver in photographic applications continues to plummet to less than half the level seen five years ago, falling 21% in 2009 to million ounces. "Looking ahead, the future of silver use in photographic applications looks set to decline even further," GFMS predicted. Meanwhile, jewelry demand only declined slightly in 2009 by 1.1% to what was, nonetheless, an 11-year low of 156.6 million ounces "due to weaker consumption in western markets and destocking at the trade level," said Klapwijk. Jewelry is expected to be down again marginally this year, primarily due to losses in the Indian market. In contrast, however, coin and medal silver off take rose strongly, while silverware bucked the trend of recent decade and posted an increase of almost 5% to 59.6 million ounces last year. Global coins and medals fabrication jumped 21% in 2009 to a new record of 78.7 million ounces. Every leading producer of bullion coins saw total minting rise last year with the U.S. Mint leading the way with an 8.8 million ounce increase. MINE SUPPLY Mine production was up 4% in 2009 to achieve a new record of 706.9 million ounces of silver. Primary silver mine supply was significantly higher, while silver produced as a by-product of gold mining increased 21% to 15.2 million ounces. However, primary silver supply is anticipated to only increase marginally this year with the bulk of growth instead coming from the gold mining sector with an estimated 25% increase in silver production. The world's top silver producer was Peru with 123.9 million ounces of output last year, followed by Mexico with 104.7 million ounces of silver production. China ranked third at 89.1 million ounces of mined silver. The top silver-producing company was BHP Billiton with 42 million ounces of silver output last year, followed by Poland's KGHM Polaska Miedź with 38.7 million ounces, and Mexico's Fresnillo at 37.9 million ounces of production. GFMS expects silver mine supply to increase this year, reaching another successive record high "with a strong contribution from the by-product gold sector." The survey found silver mine cash costs were almost flat year-on-year with a global average cash cost of $5.23/oz last year. Silver Wheaton entrenched itself as the top silver streaming company, partly by securing 25% of the life-of-mine silver production by Barrick's massive Pascua-Lama gold/silver mine. Meanwhile net supply from above-ground silver stocks dropped an astounding 86% last year to just 20.2 million ounces. GFMS said the decline was driven "by a surge in net investment, higher de-hedging, lower government sales and a drop in silver scrap supply." Klapwijk said scrap supply will continue to decline this year, "although the scale of losses is likely to be more modest." The World Silver Survey 2010 was sponsored by 18 companies and organizations involved in most aspects of the global silver industry. Washington, D.C.-based Silver Institute publishes the report. Further information about silver investing: Silver investing information Silver bullion bars Cheapest silver bullion bars American Silver Eagles Junk silver coins 5 Reasons Why Buying Silver Is The Best Thing You Can Do With Your Money by: Dennis Beaman I have nothing against gold. But if you want to get the most for your dollars, you need to start a regular silver saving strategy NOW! Here are 5 reasons for beginning as soon as possible: 1. When foreign investors realize the the U.S. Government is bankrupt, you can expect to see double digit inflation and double digit interest rates. Plus our double digit unemployment is expected to continue according to economist, David Wiedemer, author "Aftershock". You can expect a major loss if you are still holding U.S. dollars or dollar-backed assets when this happens. 2. Silver supplies above ground worldwide are at their lowest levels in 700 years according to silver guru Ted Butler. The U.S. Mint has had to purchase silver on the open market to mint its silver American Eagle coins and, recently, had to suspend minting due to a shortage. As the demand continues to increase, so will the price, stimulating more demand. When frantic buying sets in, expect the prices to go vertical. 3. There is about 5 times as much gold above ground as silver. Consequently, in our current bull market for precious metals, silver can be expected to out perform gold. Many experts agree on this and are bracing for an all out buying panic in the near future. Israel Friedman, friend and mentor to silver expert Ted Butler had this to say: (Based upon the estimate of only 500 million ounces of silver available for use)..."the first 100 million ounces of visible silver will disappear at a price of $60 to $100 an ounce. The second 100 million ounces will disappear at $250 an ounce, and the third 100 million ounces will disappear between $300 and the price of gold. We will be left with 200 million ounces of silver which the owners will not be taking profits at any price." 4. If any of the major worldwide currencies collapse, a barter economy may develop. Anticipating gold going to $2000 to $3000 an ounce in such a scenario would make most gold coins unacceptable for everyday purchases. Silver, on the other hand, though, would be much better suited for such use. Even at $200 to $300 an ounce, bags of junk silver would be useful for such a purpose. Pre 1965 dimes, quarters, and half dollars could serve the purpose should the unthinkable happen. Dimes contain approximately 1/10 troy ounce of silver, quarters contain approximately 1/4 troy ounce of silver, and half dollars contain approximately 1/2 troy ounce of silver. 5. Gold has not been used as money nearly as often as silver in history. It is possible that the holders of U.S. debt may demand gold and/or silver for payment. If that happens, the amount of precious metals the U.S. would need would cause such a silver shortage that there would be no calculation of how high prices could go. China is reported to be accumulating gold and silver and shifting just a small percentage of the $682 billion of U.S. dollars into gold and silver would also have an gigantic effect on those markets. These are just 5 reasons why many, many people knowledgeable in silver are predicting silver to outperform gold, platinum or palladium in the near future. Other reasons, which will be covered in later posts are the industrial demand for silver, the mining problems of silver, and the trading of ETF's or Exchange Traded Funds which affect the price of silver as well. Why Are Silver Sales Soaring? 05/05/2010
Why Are Silver Sales Soaring? Jeff Clark, Senior Editor, Casey’s Gold & Resource Report The U.S. Mint just reported another record, but this time it wasn’t for gold. The Mint sold more Silver Eagles in March and in the first quarter of the year than ever before. A total of 9,023,500 American Silver Eagles were purchased in Q110, the highest amount since the coin debuted in 1986. While this is certainly bullish, there’s something potentially more potent developing in the background. Namely, how this matches up with U.S. silver production. Like gold, the U.S. Mint only manufactures Eagles from domestic production. And U.S. mine production for silver is about 40 million ounces. In other words, we just reached the point where virtually all U.S. silver production is going toward the manufacturing of Silver Eagles. Yikes. This is especially explosive when you consider that roughly 40% of all silver is used for industrial applications, 30% for jewelry, 20% for photography and other uses, and only 5% or so for coins and medals. To be sure, mine production is not the only source of silver. In 2009, approximately 52.9 million ounces were recovered from various sources of scrap. Further, the U.S. imported a net of about 112.5 million ounces last year. (Dependence on foreign oil? How about dependence on foreign silver!) So it’s not like there’s a worry there won’t be enough silver to produce the Eagle you want next month. Still, why so much buying? The silver price ended the quarter up 15.5% from its February 4 low – but it was basically flat for the quarter, up a measly 1.9%. We tend to see buyers clamoring for product when the price takes off, so the jump in demand wasn’t due to screaming headlines about soaring prices. I have a theory. For some time, silver has been known as the “poor man’s gold.” Meaning, silver demand tends to increase when gold gets too “expensive.” The gold price has stubbornly stayed above $1,000 for over six months now and spent much of that time above $1,100. You’d be lucky to pay less than $1,200 right now for a one-ounce coin (after premiums), an amount most workers can’t pluck out of their back pocket. But Joe Sixpack just might grab a “twelve-pack” of silver. What would perhaps lend evidence to my theory is if gold sales were down in the face of these higher silver sales. The U.S. Mint reported a decline in gold bullion sales of 20.8% this past quarter vs. the same quarter in 2009. Further, other world mints have seen sharp declines in gold bullion coin sales as well: the Austrian Mint reported an 80% drop in sales for the first two months of the year and the Royal British Mint a 50% decline in gold coin production for the first quarter. What’s even more dramatic is the difference in the dollar value of the sales. Gold Eagle sales in the U.S. dropped $10,263,500 from a year earlier – but silver sales increased by $61,855,290. So, not only did silver sales make up the drop in gold sales, they exceeded them by $51,591,790. Is the rush into “poor man’s gold” underway? Why the answer to that question is significant is that a shift toward silver for this reason could signal we’re inching closer to the greater masses getting involved in the precious metals arena. And that – for those of us who’ve been invested for awhile now – would be music to the ears. Because when they start getting involved, the mania will be underway, and from that point forward, it’s game on. I’m not saying the mania is starting, and I actually think we could see another sell-off before things take off for good. Gold could dip to $1,000 and maybe even $950, with silver going to the $14-$15 range. But as clues like these begin to build up, we’ll know we’re getting closer. (And any drop to those ranges would clearly be a major buying opportunity.) Everyone talks about gold, myself included, but a meaningful portion of one’s precious metals portfolio should be devoted to silver. The market is tiny, making the price potentially explosive. Remember that in the ‘70s bull market gold advanced over 700%, but silver soared over 1,400%. Don’t be a “poor man” by ignoring gold’s shiny cousin. While buying silver is a must, it’s the silver stocks that will truly soar in a mania. And I’m convinced we recommend the two best silver producers in the world. Get their names and our suggested entry points with a risk free trial to Casey’s Gold & Resource Report... click here. | "I buy gold and silver significantly under spot price. Would you like to learn how I do it?" Click here!
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